Saturday, October 27, 2012

Current Affairs 13


Himachal voted Favourite Summer Destination


Himachal Pradesh has been voted as 'The Favourite Summer Destination' by a survey conducted by a magazine.

This survey was conducted throughout the country and was an authoritative benchmark of the consumers' preferences in travel 1 and tourism across 18 categories including hotels, airlines and I hotel, holiday destinations.

The contribution of tourism sector towards GDP had increased from around 7 percent in 2011 to the present level of 10 percent. Himachal has become the first state to link the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme with the development of tourism infrastructure in the rural areas. The state developed 12 rural circuits last year and rural tourism activities had been undertaken in 64 villages.


For more Informations about Current affairs  http://competitiongurumantra.blogspot.in/2012/12/current-affairs-14.html

Saturday, October 20, 2012

Current Affairs 12


Gold Import bill may touch $100 billion By 2015-16



Gold Import bill

Gold import bill is expected to touch $100 billion by 2015-16 against $33.8 billion in 2010-11, according to the industry body ASSOCHAM report.

Calculated on the basis of CAGR of 2010-11 over 1999-2000, the gold import bill could total $100 billion by 2015-16, according to the report released.

According to the report, "gold imports are a huge burden on the balance of payments and accentuates the current account deficit. It represents a massive strain on investable resources and weaning away domestic
savings from gold assumes importance.

For more Informations about Current affairs  http://competitiongurumantra.blogspot.in/2012/10/current-affairs-13.html

Tuesday, October 9, 2012

English Grammer 6


THE PREPOSITION


A Preposition denotes the position that a person or thing occupies in relation to the other. It is' pre' (before) because it is put before the noun or which is its object or equivalent to its object.

EXAMPLE :
The book is on the table.
On in the above sentence is a preposition. It shows the relation of the book to the table.
Note : Generally, the use of preposition is made before the noun or the pronoun but sometimes it is used after the noun or the pronoun.

EXAMPLE :
What are you looking for ?
Preposition in Common Use: After, about, above, across, against, around, before, behind,below, beneath, between, beyond, by, for, from, in into, of, off, on, over, since, through, till, towards, under, underneath, up upon, with, within, with out, out beside, down, besides.

PREPOSITIONS ARE OF TWO KINDS

(1) Simple Prepositions: At, in on, by, with, of. off, from, to, out, over, under, since, through, up,
down, above, after, about, round, across, till against.

(2) Compound Prepositions: Into, upon, within, without, beneath, beside, before, below, among, against, underneath, between, behind, outside, besides.

Use of Some Important Prepositions
Among, Between
Among is used for more than two persons or things, Between is used only for two.
EXAMPLES :
(i) Distribute these sweets among the poor students of the class.
(ii) Distribute these books between Ram and Shyam.

Among, In
Among is used before collective plural nouns; In is used before collective singular nouns.
EXAMPLES :
(i) I found him standing among the crowd.
(ii) I saw him in the crowd.

Beside, Besides
Beside means by the side of, Besides means in addition to;
EXAMPLES :
(i) The daughter was sitting beside her mother,
(ii) Besides his relatives, he invites, his friends also,

In, Within
"In1 means at the expiry of a period of time in future, within means before the expiry of a
period of
time in any tense.
EXAMPLES :
(i) She will return in a week, (at the end of the week)
(ii) I shall finish my work within a week, (before the end of the week)

On, Upon
On is used for things at rest; Upon is used for things, in motion.
EXAMPLES :
(i) He is sitting on the floor
(ii) The dog sprang upon the table.

By, With
By denotes that agent or doer; With denotes the instrument with which anything is done.
EXAMPLES :
(i) Ravana was killed by Rama with an arrow.
(ii) The bird was killed by the hunter with an arrow.
(iii) He beat the dog with a stick
(iv) I shall reach here by five O'clock, (here by means till)
By, is used in future tense to express the time upto the last stage.

After, in
'After1 means at the end of a period of time in the past; 'In' means at the end of a period of time in future.
EXAMPLES :
(i) I shall return your book in a week.
(ii) He returned the book after a week. For,

From, Since
'For' is used before a noun denoting a period of time with all the tenses.
From is used before a noun or phrase denoting the starting point of a duration, it is used in all the tenses.
Since is used before a noun or phrase denoting some point of time and is always preceded by a progressive verb in the perfect tense orthird form of a verb. i.e. past perfect, present perfect From is generally followed by 'to' or 'till'.
Examples : Use of 'For'
(i) We have been playing cards for two hours
(ii) My elder brother has been ill for four days.
(iii) She has lived1 in Bombay for four years.
Use of ‘From’
(i) We play from 5 p.m. to 6 pm.
(ii) Will your school remain closed from tomorrow till the 15th of March of the
next month ?
(iii) She stayed with her uncle from the 15th of March to the 15th of May.
Use of'Since'
(i) I have been reading this book since morning
(ii) My father has been teaching in this school since 1972.
(iii) He has not heard from his uncle since Monday last.

Above, Over
'Above' means' higher from' Over is used in the following four senses.
(i) In the sense of 'above': At noon, the sun is over our heads.
(ii) In the sense of beyond': I cannot get over my disappointment.
(iii) In the sense of superiority : God over all blesses for ever more.
Use of 'Above
(i) We flew above the clouds,
(ii) What he did is above stealing.
(iii) For explanation, see the sentence above.
At, Towards
At denotes the idea of aim; towards denotes the idea of destination (movement in a
direction).
EXAMPLES :
(i) He threw the stone at the cat.
(ii) He went towards the house.

At, in, On
'At' is used as follows,
(i) At is used with small towns and villages
He was born at Sonepat. (Sonepat is a small town).
He lives at village Babul, (Babul is a village).
(ii) 'At' is used before a noun denoting a definite point of time.
He called on me at 9 p.m. yesterday
'In'is used as follows:
(A) 'In' is used with the names of big cities, provinces and countries.
(i) His father lives in England .
(ii) I live at Parfipat in Haryana.
(iii) His younger brother lives in Calcutta.
(B) 'In'is used before the names of months and years.
His elder sister was born in 1972 in the months of May.
'On' is used with dates and names of days.
(i) I joined college on the 26th of April.
(ii) He will leave for Calcutta on Wednesday next.
Note : (i) At can be used before a big city when one stays there for a short time en route to some
other place. While going to Bombay he will stay at Poona for three days.
(ii) In is also used in the following phrases: In the morning ; In the evening; In the afternoon; In
winter; In summer
(iii) 'In' also denotes a place inside anything.
He travelled in a crowded bus.
(iv) 'At' is used in the following phrases:
At night, At midnight, At noon, At day- break, At sun-set, At sunrise.
At home, At the station, At work, At play.

Below, Beneath
Below means of lower level in positions, dignity and expectation, ect; beneath means
under some surface. Consider the following examples:
(i) It is below my dignity to talk to her
(ii) They rested beneath the shade of a tree.
In, Into , To
'In' expresses Rest or Motion inside anything.
'Into' expresses Motion towards the inside of anything or change from one medium to
another.
‘To’ denotes motion from one place to another, (in direction of)
EXAMPLES :
(i) The boys are in the room.
(ii) Translate this passage from English into
Hindi. (iii) He goes to the temple every morning.

Till, By, Of, Off
Till means up to or not earlier than a particular time or place .
By means not after that.
Of shows cause, source, separation, quality, contents, possesssion, apposition, point of
reference,space in time etc.
Off shows at a near distance, and detached condition (removal of something from the other)
Consider the following examples :
I shall work till 5 a.m.
By this time tomorrow, I' II have finished my job.
Madhu died of cancer, (cause)
The nib of the pen is of gold (made of)
He presented me a bottle of whisky, (contents)
He was deprived of his purse, (separation)
Our principal is a man of principles (quality),
He lived in the house of principal, (possession)
Mohan, the son of Mr. Ramlal, got married, (apposition)
Hewasblind of one eye. (point of reference)

Monday, October 8, 2012

Current Affairs 11


Indian teacher chosen for US space programme


A teacher from India's Maharashtra state has become the first foreigner to be chosen for the US Space Foundation's elite 2012 Flight of Teacher Liaisons programme in its 10-year history. Vandana Suryawanshi of Vidya Valley School in Maharashtra is a middle school educator who has been teaching biology, earth
science and general science for 20 years. She joins 19 other outstanding educators selected for their active promotion of space and science education.

The new flight of Teacher Liaisons will serve as advocates for space- themed education across the curriculum and will use Space Foundation-provided training and resources to further integrate space principles into the classroom, the Colorado Springs based non- profit leader in space awareness activities, educational programmes announced.

The highly regarded Space Foundation Teacher Liaison programme has more than 270 active participants. The teachers are selected by a panel comprising experienced Teacher Liaisons and representatives from the space industry and the military. The 2012 Teacher Liaisons will be publicly recognized at the Space Foundation's 28th National  Symposium, which is being held April 16-19 at The Broadmoor Hotel in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Teacher Liaisons will participate in workshops and education  programmes. Following the symposium,  teacher Liaisons can take advantage of specialised training and instruction at Space Foundation and NASA  workshops.

For more Informations about Current affairs http://competitiongurumantra.blogspot.in/2012/10/current-affairs-12.html

Verbal maths - Speed Test 7

Q.1.   What should come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
2     3    6    15    45    ?

(1)112.5 (2)135 (3)157.5 (4)180 (5) None of these

Q.2.   Avinash started business investing Rs. 12000. Ashok joined him after 4 months by investing Rs.    
            18000. What would be Ashok's share in the profit of Rs. 9500 at the end of the year?
(1) Rs. 4000 (2) Rs. 5000 (3) Rs. 3000   (4) Rs. 5500 (5) None of these

Q.3.   A diagonal of a rectangle is 10 cm. long. What is its perimeter?
(1)30 cm (2) 14 cm (3) 56 cm (4) 42 cm (5) None of these

Q.4.   Kailash gave one-third of his money to Keshav. Keshav gave three-fourth of the money he received 
            from Kailash to Sanket. If Sanket got Rs. 900 less than the money Kailash had, how much money did      
            Keshav get from Kailash?
(1)Rs. 600 (2) Rs. 300 (3) Rs. 400      (4) Data inadequate       (5) None of these

Q.5.    10 girls have their average age 14 years and 12 boys have their average age as 16 years. When 6    
              boys from these 12 join the 10 girls, they all together have average age as 14.5 years. What is the   
             average age of the remaining 6 boys?
(1) 16— years   (2)16.5years   (3)15 —years   (4) 16— years    (5) None of these

Q.6.   A train crosses a man standing on the platform in 10 seconds. How much time will it take to cross 
            the platform of length 150 metres?
(1)150 Seconds   (2) 300 Seconds   (3) 30 Seconds    (4) Data inadequate (5) None of these

Q.7.   The price of 4.5 dozen pens is Rs. 1170. What is the price of 18 such pens?
(1)Rs. 369    (2)Rs. 269     (3) Rs. 359      (4)Rs.379 (5) None of these

Q.8.   What should come in place of the question mark(?) in the following number series?
50   55 64 77 94 ?

(1)119 (2)115 (3)114 (4)116 (5) None of these

Q.9.   The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 12 and their product is 27. What is one-third of that
number?
(1)31/-    (2)13     (3)117     (4) Data inadequate     (5) None of these

Q.10.    In the following number series a wrong number is given. Find out the wrong number?
2 4 8 30 105 420 1890

(1)4      (2)8     (3)30     (4)105     (5)420

Q.11.   Sixty-four men can complete a work in 15 days. In how many days will eighty men complete the
same work?
(1)80     (2)150      (3)180      (4)120     (5) None of these

Q.12.   An article was sold with 30% discount on the labelled price. To make 12% profit on the labelled
price, at what profit percentage should the article be sold ?
(1)160    (2)150    (3)180     (4) data inadequate      (5) None of these

Q.13.   The average age of P ,Q and R is 26 years. If the average age of P and R is 30 years. What is Q's age?
(1)24 years         (2) 48 years         (3) 36 years       (4) data inadequate       (5) None of these

Q.14.   The ratio between the ages of father and son is 5:2. If the difference between their ages is 27 years, what will be the father's age after 6 years?
(1) 50 years        (2) 49 years        (3) 51 years      (4) 52 years     (5) None of these

Q.15.   In the following number series, a wrong number is given. Find out that wrong number?
4       5      13       44       183       925       5555

(1)5     (2)13     (3)44     (4)183     (5)925


For more questions about verbal maths http://competitiongurumantra.blogspot.in/2012/12/verbal-maths-speed-test-8.html

Sunday, October 7, 2012

English Grammer 5


THE ADJECTIVE

An adjective is a word that qualifies or adds something to the meaning of a noun.

Some Facts About Adjectives and Their uses :
(A) Adjective can be used in two ways-Attributively and Predicatively When an adjective is placed just before the Noun, its use is attributive, but when it is used after the noun or pronoun, the use is called predicative.

Example :
(i) This is a sweet mango
(Attributive)
(ii) This mango is sweet
(Predicative)
(iii) Fame is the perfume of heroic deeds
(Attributive)
(iv) The judge declared him guilty
(Predicative)

USE OF SOME IMPORTANT ADJECTIVES

For avoiding errors in the use of adjectives it is necessary to study the use of some
important adjectives. It is so because.
(A) These adjectives are frequently used during conversation.
(A) They are of a very confusing nature. A wrong use or misplacement of these adjectives
can Change the sense of a sentence altogether.

List of these Adjectives
1.Some, Any,                2.0lder,Elder,      3.Few, a few, the few,
4.Farther, further           5.Less, Lesser,    6. Mutual, Common
7. Little a little, the little, 8. First, Former,  9. First, Foremost,
10. Much, Many,          11. All, Whole,    12. Less, Fewer,
13. Each Every.            14. Oral, Verbal,  15 Either, Neither,
16. Many, a many great many, 17.Whole, the whole the Whole of, a Whole
18. Sick                        19. Enough.         20. Only, Nearest, next,
21.Later, Latter.Latest, Last,  22. Each other, one another.
Note: These adjectives are generally studied in 'groups'. So instead of mentioning them
separately.
they are written here according to the groups in which they exist.

Use of these Adjectives
1. 'Some is used in the affirmative sentences. 'Any' is used in the negative sentences.
(A) 'Some' is used as follows
(i) With uncountable nouns where it means- a little, a small quantity also with countable nouns where it means less in number.
 (ii) In a question which shows some request.

EXAMPLES :
(i) There is some water in the bottle.
(ii) Some of the students were absent yesterday.
(iii) Will you have some milk ?
(iv) Will you buy some fruit for me ?
Note :'Sorne' is not used in negative sentences, but it can be used in questions of negative nature.

EXAMPLES :
(i) Can't you spare some time for social work ? .
(ii) Didn't I give you some money yesterday?
(B) 'Any' is used as follows
(i) In negative sentences
(ii) In interrogative sentences
(iii) After 'Hardly' 'Scarcely' and 'Barely'
(IV) After if

EXAMPLES :
(i) There is not any sugar in the pot
(ii) We haven't any rice in the house
(iii) Are there any girls in your school?
(iv) I have hardly any money.
(v) There are scarcely any plants in this field
(vi) If there is any danger, blow the whistle
(A) Older:
Older (and oldest), are used for persons, animals and things.

EXAMPLES :
(i) Radha is older than Shyama
(ii) This dog is older than that
(iii) This building is older than that
(iv) John is the oldest member of the staff
(v) This monument is oldest in the city
Note : 'Older' and 'Oldest' refer to the persons who do not belong to the same family.
(B) Elder (and eldest): are used in respect of the members of the same family like sons,
daughters, brothers, sisters etc.

EXAMPLES :
(i) My elder sister is a lecturer.
(ii) Sachin is the elder of the two brothers
(iii) Meenakshi is the eldest of the three sisters.
Note: (i)'Elder'is not followed by'than'
(ii) 'Elder' and 'Eldest' cannot be used for things
(iii) In some cases, it may be followed by 'to' e.g. My brother Ram is elder to me.

(A) Few is negative and is the opposite of 'Many'. It means not many.
(B) A few is positive and means "some at least". It is the opposite of None.
(C) The few means 'minority' and suggests 'whether there is'.

EXAMPLES :
(i) We have few holidays in school
(ii) Very few students have done well in the examination.
(iii) He is man of few words.
(iv) Happy is the man who has few cares.
(v) Few boys will fail in the examination.
(A) Further means something in addition (more) can also we use in place of farther.
(B) Farther means 'a greater distance'

EXAMPLES :
(i) Further discussion will be held in the office of the principal.
(ii) Amritsar is farther from Delhi than Ambala.
(A) Less means in a small degree'. It can be used as a pronoun, an adjective, a determiner and an adverb.
(B) Lesser can be used only as an adjective. As an adjective it is a step further to less.

EXAMPLES :
(i) The porter said that he would not charge less than ten rupees for his services.
(Pronoun)
(ii) My income is less than yours.
(Adjective)
(iii) Chemistry is less difficult than Physics.
(Adverb)
(iv) Choose the lesser evil of the two
(A) Mutual means reciprocal (two or more people doing or feeling same for each other).
(B) Common means 'belonging to two or more'.

EXAMPLES :
(i) The mutual friendship between Sudhir and Ashok is growing day by day.
(ii) English and Sanskrit share some common features.
(A) Little is negative. It means, 'not much', or hardly any'.
(B) A little is positive. It means, some quantity.
(C) The little denotes quantity. It means,'not much but all that is, or whatever quantity there is'

EXAMPLES :
(i) There is little hope of his success.
(ii) He has little affection for his cousin.
(iii) The teachers have little influence on him.
(iv) He knows a little of everything
(v) A little of money has been stolen.
(A) First shows 'order or position'
(B) Foremost means the most notable, best or leading.

EXAMPLES:
(i) I am feeling sick
(ii) He has been ill for the past ten days.
,
Enough is used with both countable (both singular and plural) and uncountable nouns. It conveys
the sense of 'sufficient'.

EXAMPLES:
(i) There is enough sugar in the pot.
(ii) There are enough eggs in the basket.
(A) Nearest expresses'at least distance'
(B) Next expresses 'position'.

EXAMPLES :
(i) He lives nearest to the office
(ii) He is next to me in rank.
(A) 'Later'expresses'late in time'or'after some time'
(B) Latter means 'second in position or order
"
(C) Latest expresses newest or recent
(D) last means 'Final in position or order.

EXAMPLES :

(i) My father reached later than I expected
(ii) The latter position was better than the former
(iii) What is the latest news?
(iv) He was the first to come and last to go.

For more grammer click on http://competitiongurumantra.blogspot.in/2012/10/english-grammer-6.html

Saturday, October 6, 2012

Current Affairs 10

Government approved 20 Proposals of Foreign Direct Investment amounting to Rs. 1034.371 crore


FDI

The government approved 20 foreign direct investment proposals, including that of Fluke South East Asia Pte, APF II India Investments Mauritius and Edict Pharmaceuticals, that envi sage a total investment of Rs 1034.371 crore.

The proposals were cleared following recommendations of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). The government cleared Singapore-based Fluke South East Asia Pte's Rs 400 crore proposal to incorporate an investing company to make downstream investments in other Indian firms engaged in wholesale trading  and related activities.

Besides, the Board also cleared a proposal of Mauritius- based APF II India Investments Pvt Ltd's involving investment of Rs 300 crore. Edict Pharmaceuticals' proposal to induct Rs 171.53 crore by way  apf transfer of 100 per cent equity to a foreign investor has also been cleared.

However, decision on 15 proposals including that of Ashok Leyland Defence Systems was deferred and two others were rejected. Meanwhile, one proposal relating to Ordain Health Care Global was withdrawn. The proposal of Mauritius-based Multiples Private Equity Fund I Ltd seeking induction of foreign equity worth
Rs 50.94 crore for acquisition of the equity shares of a company engaged in the operation of automated and online power exchange was also cleared.

For more Informations about Current affairs http://competitiongurumantra.blogspot.in/2012/10/current-affairs-11.html

Current Affairs 9

Middle East's first Gurudwara opens in Dubai.


The UAE's first official Gurudwara, Guru Nanak Darbar, has opened in Jebel Ali area here, ending years of demand from the Sikh community for a place of worship. The Gurudwara is the first of its kind in the entire region. Spread over an area of 25,000 square feet near the Jebel Ali Hospital, the gurudwara has a dedicated floor for community feasts (langar) and a huge hall for devotional songs (kirtan). Arrangements can be made for langar for about 5,000 people at a time. There are an estimated 50,000 Sikhs in the UAE, hailing from both India and Pakistan.

For more Informations about Current affairs http://competitiongurumantra.blogspot.in/2012/10/current-affairs-10.html